Osteoporosis: are you at risk?
Your Move
by Serena Riccio
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in increased bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures. It is often known as the “silent disease” because bone loss often occurs without symptoms. Many are unaware they have osteoporosis until they have reached the advanced stages of the disease or have fractured a bone.
In most cases, bones weaken due to low levels of calcium, phosphorous and other minerals. Osteoporosis affects mainly those over fifty and is more prevalent among women due to hormonal changes that occur during menopause. Other risk factors include hormonal disorders such as hyperthyroidism, a diet low in calcium, a family history of the disease, use of corticosteroid medications, excessive tobacco and alcohol consumption, and a sedentary lifestyle.
In advanced stages of osteoporosis, common symptoms are back and/or neck pain, loss of height over time accompanied by a stooped posture, and fractures. Normally fractures will occur due to falls. However, in more advanced cases, a fracture can occur due to a mild stress such as bending forward or coughing!
Several steps can be taken to prevent the progression of osteoporosis. These include medication and hormone replacement therapy, maintaining a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and reducing consumption of alcohol and tobacco. Exercise can slow down the progression of bone loss and decrease the risk of falls. Ideal exercises for an individual with osteoporosis are walking, low impact aerobics, tai chi, lightweight training, aqua-fit, and exercises addressing posture and balance. High impact activities and any exercises requiring sudden forceful movements such as twisting or heavy lifting should be avoided. It’s best to consult your physician and/or physiotherapist to determine the best treatment and exercise options for you.
For those with osteoporosis, preventing falls is extremely important. Besides exercise, precautions can be taken at home to prevent falls. Remove all loose wires, cords and throw rugs. Minimize clutter and ensure rugs are anchored and smooth. Install grab bars and non-skid rubber mats in the tub or shower. Make sure halls and stairways are properly lit; and wear sturdy, rubber-soled shoes.
It is important to take an active role in treating and managing osteoporosis. Consult your physician if you think you have this condition or are at risk. Screening can determine possible joints at risk. A physiotherapist can help set up an exercise regimen to protect your bones and reduce your risk of falls.
Serena Riccio is a physiotherapist at the Lindsay Rehabilitation Hospital and is part-owner of Kinatex Home Physio. She can be reached at serenapht@yahoo.ca.
